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Against these high advantages conferred by the joint purse arrangement, there was a drawback, however. The advantage of the joint purse was that, thus guaranteed, the cable company could live, and Britain could begin to command her own communications. It now appeared that, under the terms of its concessions from Russia and Germany, that company cannot consent to any alterations of tariff, except with the consent of those Governments, and as these consents were withheld, Germany and Russia blocked the way to any reduction of rate between Britain and India. Not just that, AT&T also offers Wi-Fi gateway, which is included to connect all your devices in your home to save on smartphone and tablet data usage. The devices that you have bought should not interfere with each other, and you can use a special winch cable that will keep all these instruments away from one another. This Cable Management System has an abundance of features to offer that make it ideal for the wires support and protection. The system of charging so much per word had been established in 1876, the rate fixed being 4s. 6d. per word. Consequently, between that day and this, a splendid system of cables has been built up between ourselves and India.

The number of words constituting the Indian traffic was singularly stable: 2,077,000 words in 1880, and 2,111,000 words in 1899. But about 1897 a certain increase began to appear in the number of words, which had risen to 2,457,000 in 1900. The prosperity of India was the cause of this growth. The line, which had thus been mostly duplicated for safety, had now to be triplicated to cope with the growth of traffic, and not only triplicated, but quadruplicated, by cables laid in 1888 from Port Said to Aden; in 1887 £rom England via Portugal to Malta; in 1891 from Port Said to Bombay; in 1897 from Vigo in Spain to Gibraltar; in 1898 by a direct cable from England to Gibraltar; and in 1899 from Gibraltar to Alexandria. Meanwhile, subsidiary to this main line, a multitude of short cables began to radiate from the trunk route, uniting every important European nation. This constitutes a line, if we are to omit indirect connections, triplicate in the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, but quadruplicate in the Atlantic and Red Sea.

Nearly 60 per cent goes to the cable, and the balance to the Indo-European Company and the Indo-European Telegraph Department of the Indian Government Competition ruinous to the shareholders, which in no short time would have become ruinous also to efficiency, has thus ceased, to the advantage of all parties concerned. So the Indian Government agreed that if the receipts now fell below the 'standard revenue' of £852,000, India would make up one-third of the deficiency, provided this one-third did not exceed about £40,000 in any one year. A cable was laid between Tasmania and Australia so far back as 1869. It was duplicated in 1885. These cables have been laid by a British private company under a Government subsidy, the Tasmanian Government retaining the right to regulate the rate, which is now ½d. The foundations of her Far Eastern Empire were laid in the eighteenth century. Again, up to 1898 all our cables landed either at Vigo in Spain or at Carcavellos in Portugal There was little reason against this arrangement, certainly so far as Portugal was concerned.

There were two main reasons for these high rates. But commercial as well as Imperial interests demanded the existence of both lines, and in 1877-1878 what is known as a 'joint purse' arrangement was established between the two routes. Clearly, then, from a purely financial standpoint, a cable to India could be put out of existence by the land-line. The seas through which the cables pass from England to India are, on the whole, fairly well adapted to cables. So cables were laid in 1878 from England to Portugal, and in 1877 from Port Said to Bombay. For we should not go to war with Portugal, and if we went to war with any other Power, Portugal, being a neutral Power, might preserve the cables landed on her shore intact against a belligerent. The reduction of tariff then arranged might mean a considerable reduction-at any rate, for a term-even in this revenue, such as it was.

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