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These are shots that are designed to make playing a legal shot harder, such as leaving another ball between the cue ball and the object ball. If the scores are equal when all of the object balls have been potted, the black is used as a tiebreaker. The responsibilities of the referee include announcing the points scored during a break, determining when a foul has been committed and awarding penalty points and free balls accordingly, replacing colours onto their designated spots after they are potted, restoring the balls to their previous positions after the "miss" rule has been invoked (see Scoring), and cleaning the cue ball or any object ball upon request by the striker. When the final ball is potted, the player with the most points wins the frame. 39 Another duty of the referee is to recognise and declare a stalemate when neither player is able to make any progress in the frame. The referee then tosses a coin and the winner of the toss decides who takes the first strike. When a foul is committed, the offender's turn ends and the referee announces the penalty. If someone else scores exactly 31 and announces it properly before the supposed winner’s turn, then that other player becomes the winner.

In 1969, David Attenborough, then the controller of BBC2, commissioned the snooker tournament television series Pot Black, primarily to showcase the potential of the BBC's new colour television service, as the green table and multi-coloured balls provided an ideal opportunity to demonstrate the advantages of the new broadcasting technology. If successful, the value of the potted colour is added to the player's score, and the ball is returned to its designated spot on the table. The player must then pot another red ball followed by another colour. A player could achieve a break of 15, for example, by first potting a red followed by a black, then another red followed by a pink, what is billiards before failing to pot the next red. A maximum break in snooker is achieved by potting all reds with blacks, then potting all six colours, yielding 147 points; this is often known as a "147" or a "maximum".

The process of alternately potting reds and colours continues until the striker fails to pot the desired object ball or commits a foul-at which point the opponent comes to the table to start the next turn-or when there are no red balls remaining. Single-shade lights are classic pool table lights that come in many different styles, including modern glass designs with metal frames, tiffany hobby designs, and more traditional stained-glass styles (more on these styles below). The new bar "Fatty’s" sits at the corner of the strip shopping center, and if you look at the glass vestibule doors you can see the tell tale signs of a former Wawa store. The table has six pockets, one at each corner and one at the centre of each of the two longer side cushions. Even if the cue ball is struck in precisely the same manner, the effect of the nap will differ according to whether the ball is directed towards the baulk line or towards the opposite end of the table. The nap affects the speed and trajectory of the balls, depending on the direction of the shot and whether any side spin is placed on the ball. Failure to make contact with a red ball constitutes a foul, which results in penalty points being awarded to the opponent.

In nine-ball games where a handicap is given by one player being spotted a ball, some tournament venues enforce a rule that the spotted ball must be racked as one of the two balls in the row directly behind the 1 ball. However, lower-ranked professional players struggled to make a living from the sport, especially after paying tournament entry fees, travel, and other expenses. 202 officially confirmed maximum breaks achieved in professional competition. Snooker Shoot Out, which is a timed, one-frame competition. Len Ganley, John Street, and John Williams together refereed 17 of the first 20 World Snooker finals held at the Crucible Theatre. The World Snooker Championship moved in 1977 to the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, where it has been staged ever since, and the 1978 World Snooker Championship was the first to receive daily television coverage. In an effort to boost popularity of snooker, Davis introduced a variation known as "snooker plus" in 1959, which added two extra colours, but this version of the game was short-lived.